4. Python Webdriver API's

This Page cover all the possible interfaces of Selenium WebDriver.

The API definitions in this chapter shows the absolute location of classes. However the recommended import style is as given below:

from selenium import webdriver

Then, you can access the classes like this:

webdriver.Firefox
webdriver.FirefoxProfile
webdriver.Chrome
webdriver.ChromeOptions
webdriver.Ie
webdriver.Opera
webdriver.PhantomJS
webdriver.Remote
webdriver.DesiredCapabilities
webdriver.ActionChains
webdriver.TouchActions
webdriver.Proxy 

and your driver = webdriver.__browsername__() is like this

 

The exception classes can be imported like this (Replace the TheNameOfTheExceptionClass with actual class name given below):

from selenium.common.exceptions import [TheNameOfTheExceptionClass]

Conventions used in the API

Some attributes are callable (or methods) and others are non-callable (properties). All the callable attributes are ending with round brackets.

callable attributes are functions and methods.
non callable attributes are class variables.
Here is an example for property:

• current_url
  URL of the current loaded page.
  Usage:
  

  driver.current_url

 prints the current URL and you can catch the output in a text file or in any other format and you can scrap a website like this.
Example:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.tarlabs.com")
url = driver.current_url
print url
driver.quit()

Exceptions

NOTE: If you are new to python and selenium you may skip exceptions now

Exceptions that may happen in all the webdriver code.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotSelectableException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException
Thrown when trying to select an unselectable element.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotVisibleException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException
Thrown when although an element is present on the DOM, it is not visible, and so is not able to be interacted with.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.ErrorInResponseException(response, msg)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when an error has occurred on the server side.
This may happen when communicating with the firefox extension or the remote driver server.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.ImeActivationFailedException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when activating an IME engine has failed.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.ImeNotAvailableException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when IME support is not available. This exception is thrown for every IME-related method call if IME support is not available on the machine.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidCookieDomainException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when attempting to add a cookie under a different domain than the current URL.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException

exception selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSelectorException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException
Thrown when the selector which is used to find an element does not return a WebElement. Currently this only happens when the selector is an xpath expression and it is either syntactically invalid (i.e. it is not a xpath expression) or the expression does not select WebElements (e.g. “count(//input)”).

exception selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSwitchToTargetException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when frame or window target to be switched doesn’t exist.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when the target provided to the ActionsChains move() method is invalid, i.e. out of document.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.NoAlertPresentException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when switching to no presented alert.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchAttributeException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when the attribute of element could not be found.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when element could not be found.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchFrameException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSwitchToTargetException
Thrown when frame target to be switched doesn’t exist.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchWindowException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSwitchToTargetException
Thrown when window target to be switched doesn’t exist.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.RemoteDriverServerException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException

exception selenium.common.exceptions.StaleElementReferenceException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when a reference to an element is now “stale”.
Stale means the element no longer appears on the DOM of the page.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when a command does not complete in enough time.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.UnableToSetCookieException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when a driver fails to set a cookie.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.UnexpectedAlertPresentException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when an unexpected alert is appeared.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.UnexpectedTagNameException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
Thrown when a support class did not get an expected web element.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None)

Bases: exceptions.Exception
Base webdriver exception.

Action Chains

The ActionChains implementation,

class selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.ActionChains(driver)

Bases: object

Generate user actions.

 

element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("XPATH")

All actions are stored in the ActionChains object. Call perform() to fire stored actions.

element.click()

Clicks an element.

	The element to click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

element.click_and_hold()

Holds down the left mouse button on an element.

	The element to mouse down. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

element.context_click()

Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.

	The element to context-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

element.double_click()

Double-clicks an element.

	The element to double-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

drag_and_drop(source, target)

Example 

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

firefox = webdriver.Firefox()

firefox.get('http://www.theautomatedtester.co.uk/demo2.html')
draggable = firefox.find_element_by_class_name("draggable")
droppable = firefox.find_element_by_name("droppable")
dragdrop = ActionChains(firefox)\
                         .drag_and_drop(draggable, droppable)
dragdrop.perform()

 

Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,

then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button. The text inside yellow shows the formal procedure of running an action chain. drag_and_drop does not work without Actionchains.

	source: The element to mouse down. target: The element to mouse up.

 

drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset)

 

You will learn this feature in complex selenium examples Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,

then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.

	source: The element to mouse down. xoffset: X offset to move to. yoffset: Y offset to move to.

key_down(value, element=None)

Sends a key press only, without releasing it.

Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt and Shift).

	value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class. element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.

key_up(value, element=None)

Releases a modifier key.

	value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class. element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.

You don't need these key_down and key_up because you can perform these actions using send keys.

 

Example:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()

driver.get('http:www.google.com')
elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
elem.send_keys("F5"+Keys.ENTER)
driver.close()

  

move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)

Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.

	xoffset: X offset to move to. yoffset: Y offset to move to.

move_to_element(to_element)

Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.

	o_element: The element to move to.

move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset)

Move the mouse by an offset of the specificed element.

Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.

	to_element: The element to move to. xoffset: X offset to move to. yoffset: Y offset to move to.

perform()

Performs all stored actions.

release(on_element=None)

Releasing a held mouse button on an element.

	on_element: The element to mouse up. If None, releases on current mouse position.

send_keys(*keys_to_send)

Sends keys to current focused element.

	keys_to_send: The keys to send.

send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send)

Example:

 

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()

driver.get('http:www.google.com')
elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
action = ActionChains(driver).send_keys_to_element(elem,"tarlabs"+Keys.ENTER)
action.perform()

Sends keys to an element.

	element: The element to send keys. keys_to_send: The keys to send.

Alerts

The Alert implementation.

class selenium.webdriver.common.alert.Alert(driver)

Bases: object
Allows to work wit alerts.

accept()

Accepts the alert available.

dismiss()

Dismisses the alert available.

send_keys(keysToSend)

Send Keys to the Alert.

	keysToSend: The text to be sent to Alert.

text

Gets the text of the Alert.

Firefox WebDriver

class selenium.webdriver.firefox.webdriver.WebDriver(firefox_profile=None, firefox_binary=None, timeout=30, capabilities=None, proxy=None)

Bases: selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver

quit()

Quits the driver and close every associated window.

NATIVE_EVENTS_ALLOWED = True

firefox_profile

Chrome WebDriver

class selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver(executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, chrome_options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None)

Bases: selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver
Controls the ChromeDriver and allows you to drive the browser.
You will need to download the ChromeDriver executable from http://code.google.com/p/chromedriver/downloads/list

quit()

Closes the browser and shuts down the ChromeDriver executable that is started when starting the ChromeDriver

Remote WebDriver

The WebDriver implementation.

class selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub', desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None)

Bases: object
Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server. This server is expected to be running the WebDriver wire protocol as defined here: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol

Attributes:

command_executor - The command.CommandExecutor object used to execute commands. error_handler - errorhandler.ErrorHandler object used to verify that the server did not return an error. session_id - The session ID to send with every command. capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities of the underlying browser for this instance’s session. proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object, to specify a proxy for the browser to use.

add_cookie(cookie_dict)

Adds a cookie to your current session.

	cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - “name” and “value”; optional keys - “path”, “domain”, “secure”, “expiry”

Usage:

driver.add_cookie({‘name’ : ‘foo’, ‘value’ : ‘bar’}) driver.add_cookie({‘name’ : ‘foo’, ‘value’ : ‘bar’, ‘path’ : ‘/’}) driver.add_cookie({‘name’ : ‘foo’, ‘value’ : ‘bar’, ‘path’ : ‘/’, ‘secure’:True})

back()

Goes one step backward in the browser history.

Usage:	driver.back()

close()

Closes the current window.

Usage:	driver.close()

create_web_element(element_id)

Creates a web element with the specified element_id.

delete_all_cookies()

Delete all cookies in the scope of the session.

Usage:	driver.delete_all_cookies()

delete_cookie(name)

Deletes a single cookie with the given name.

Usage:	driver.delete_cookie(‘my_cookie’)

execute(driver_command, params=None)

Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.

	driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string. params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.
Returns:	The command’s JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.

execute_async_script(script, *args)

Asynchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

	script: The JavaScript to execute. *args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.
Usage:	driver.execute_async_script(‘document.title’)

execute_script(script, *args)

Synchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

	script: The JavaScript to execute. *args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.
Usage:	driver.execute_script(‘document.title’)

find_element(by='id', value=None)

‘Private’ method used by the find_element_by_* methods.

Usage:	Use the corresponding find_element_by_* instead of this.

find_element_by_class_name(name)

Finds an element by class name.

	name: The class name of the element to find.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_class_name(‘foo’)

find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)

Finds an element by css selector.

	css_selector: The css selector to use when finding elements.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#foo’)

find_element_by_id(id_)

Finds an element by id.

	id_ - The id of the element to be found.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_id(‘foo’)

find_element_by_link_text(link_text)

Finds an element by link text.

	link_text: The text of the element to be found.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_link_text(‘Sign In’)

find_element_by_name(name)

Finds an element by name.

	name: The name of the element to find.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_name(‘foo’)

find_element_by_partial_link_text(link_text)

Finds an element by a partial match of its link text.

	link_text: The text of the element to partially match on.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(‘Sign’)

find_element_by_tag_name(name)

Finds an element by tag name.

	name: The tag name of the element to find.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_tag_name(‘foo’)

find_element_by_xpath(xpath)

Finds an element by xpath.

	xpath - The xpath locator of the element to find.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//div/td[1]’)

find_elements(by='id', value=None)

‘Private’ method used by the find_elements_by_* methods.

Usage:	Use the corresponding find_elements_by_* instead of this.

find_elements_by_class_name(name)

Finds elements by class name.

	name: The class name of the elements to find.
Usage:	driver.find_elements_by_class_name(‘foo’)

find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)

Finds elements by css selector.

	css_selector: The css selector to use when finding elements.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#foo’)

find_elements_by_id(id_)

Finds multiple elements by id.

	id_ - The id of the elements to be found.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_id(‘foo’)

find_elements_by_link_text(text)

Finds elements by link text.

	link_text: The text of the elements to be found.
Usage:	driver.find_elements_by_link_text(‘Sign In’)

find_elements_by_name(name)

Finds elements by name.

	name: The name of the elements to find.
Usage:	driver.find_elements_by_name(‘foo’)

find_elements_by_partial_link_text(link_text)

Finds elements by a partial match of their link text.

	link_text: The text of the element to partial match on.
Usage:	driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(‘Sign’)

find_elements_by_tag_name(name)

Finds elements by tag name.

	name: The tag name the use when finding elements.
Usage:	driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(‘foo’)

find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)

Finds multiple elements by xpath.

	xpath - The xpath locator of the elements to be found.
Usage:	driver.find_elements_by_xpath(“//div[contains(@class, ‘foo’)]”)

forward()

Goes one step forward in the browser history.

Usage:	driver.forward()

get(url)

Loads a web page in the current browser session.

get_cookie(name)

Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if not.

Usage:	driver.get_cookie(‘my_cookie’)

get_cookies()

Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in the current session.

Usage:	driver.get_cookies()

get_log(log_type)

Gets the log for a given log type

	log_type: type of log that which will be returned
Usage:	driver.get_log(‘browser’) driver.get_log(‘driver’) driver.get_log(‘client’) driver.get_log(‘server’)

get_screenshot_as_base64()

Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string

which is useful in embedded images in HTML.

Usage:	driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()

get_screenshot_as_file(filename)

Gets the screenshot of the current window. Returns False if there is

any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your filename.

	filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to.
Usage:	driver.get_screenshot_as_file(‘/Screenshots/foo.png’)

get_screenshot_as_png()

Gets the screenshot of the current window as a binary data.

Usage:	driver.get_screenshot_as_png()

get_window_position(windowHandle='current')

Gets the x,y position of the current window.

Usage:	driver.get_window_position()

get_window_size(windowHandle='current')

Gets the width and height of the current window.

Usage:	driver.get_window_size()

implicitly_wait(time_to_wait)

Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an element to be found,

or a command to complete. This method only needs to be called one time per session. To set the timeout for calls to execute_async_script, see set_script_timeout.

	time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in seconds)
Usage:	driver.implicitly_wait(30)

is_online()

Returns a boolean if the browser is online or offline

maximize_window()

Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using

quit()

Quits the driver and closes every associated window.

Usage:	driver.quit()

refresh()

Refreshes the current page.

Usage:	driver.refresh()

save_screenshot(filename)

Gets the screenshot of the current window. Returns False if there is

any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your filename.

	filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to.
Usage:	driver.get_screenshot_as_file(‘/Screenshots/foo.png’)

set_page_load_timeout(time_to_wait)

Set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete

before throwing an error.

	time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait
Usage:	driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)

set_script_timeout(time_to_wait)

Set the amount of time that the script should wait during an

execute_async_script call before throwing an error.

	time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait (in seconds)
Usage:	driver.set_script_timeout(30)

set_window_position(x, y, windowHandle='current')

Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)

	x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window position y: the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window position
Usage:	driver.set_window_position(0,0)

set_window_size(width, height, windowHandle='current')

Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)

	width: the width in pixels to set the window to height: the height in pixels to set the window to
Usage:	driver.set_window_size(800,600)

start_client()

Called before starting a new session. This method may be overridden to define custom startup behavior.

start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile=None)

Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.

	browser_name - The name of the browser to request. version - Which browser version to request. platform - Which platform to request the browser on. javascript_enabled - Whether the new session should support JavaScript. browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object. Only used if Firefox is requested.

stop_client()

Called after executing a quit command. This method may be overridden to define custom shutdown behavior.

switch_to_active_element()

Returns the element with focus, or BODY if nothing has focus.

Usage:	driver.switch_to_active_element()

switch_to_alert()

Switches focus to an alert on the page.

Usage:	driver.switch_to_alert()

switch_to_default_content()

Switch focus to the default frame.

Usage:	driver.switch_to_default_content()

switch_to_frame(frame_reference)

Switches focus to the specified frame, by index, name, or webelement.

	frame_reference: The name of the window to switch to, an integer representing the index, or a webelement that is an (i)frame to switch to.
Usage:	driver.switch_to_frame(‘frame_name’) driver.switch_to_frame(1) driver.switch_to_frame(driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(“iframe”)[0])

switch_to_window(window_name)

Switches focus to the specified window.

	window_name: The name or window handle of the window to switch to.
Usage:	driver.switch_to_window(‘main’)

application_cache

Returns a ApplicationCache Object to interact with the browser app cache

current_url

Gets the URL of the current page.

Usage:	driver.current_url

current_window_handle

Returns the handle of the current window.

Usage:	driver.current_window_handle

desired_capabilities

returns the drivers current desired capabilities being used

log_types

Gets a list of the available log types

Usage:	driver.log_types

name

Returns the name of the underlying browser for this instance.

Usage:	driver.name

orientation

Gets the current orientation of the device

Usage:	orientation = driver.orientation

page_source

Gets the source of the current page.

Usage:	driver.page_source

title

Returns the title of the current page.

Usage:	driver.title

window_handles

Returns the handles of all windows within the current session.

Usage:	driver.window_handles

WebElement

WebElement implementation.

class selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.LocalFileDetector

Bases: object

classmethod is_local_file(*keys)

class selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement(parent, id_)

Bases: object
Represents an HTML element.
Generally, all interesting operations to do with interacting with a page will be performed through this interface.

clear()

Clears the text if it’s a text entry element.

click()

Clicks the element.

find_element(by='id', value=None)

find_element_by_class_name(name)

Finds an element by their class name.

find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)

Find and return an element by CSS selector.

find_element_by_id(id_)

Finds element by id.

find_element_by_link_text(link_text)

Finds element by link text.

find_element_by_name(name)

Find element by name.

find_element_by_partial_link_text(link_text)

find_element_by_tag_name(name)

find_element_by_xpath(xpath)

Finds element by xpath.

find_elements(by='id', value=None)

find_elements_by_class_name(name)

Finds elements by their class name.

find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)

Find and return list of multiple elements by CSS selector.

find_elements_by_id(id_)

find_elements_by_link_text(link_text)

find_elements_by_name(name)

find_elements_by_partial_link_text(link_text)

find_elements_by_tag_name(name)

find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)

Finds elements within the elements by xpath.

get_attribute(name)

Gets the attribute value.

is_displayed()

Whether the element would be visible to a user

is_enabled()

Whether the element is enabled.

is_selected()

Whether the element is selected.

send_keys(*value)

Simulates typing into the element.

submit()

Submits a form.

value_of_css_property(property_name)

Returns the value of a CSS property

id

location

Returns the location of the element in the renderable canvas

location_once_scrolled_into_view

CONSIDERED LIABLE TO CHANGE WITHOUT WARNING. Use this to discover where on the screen an element is so that we can click it. This method should cause the element to be scrolled into view.
Returns the top lefthand corner location on the screen, or None if the element is not visible

parent

size

Returns the size of the element

tag_name

Gets this element’s tagName property.

text

Gets the text of the element.

UI Support

class selenium.webdriver.support.select.Select(webelement)

deselect_all()

Clear all selected entries. This is only valid when the SELECT supports multiple selections. throws NotImplementedError If the SELECT does not support multiple selections

deselect_by_index(index)

Deselect the option at the given index. This is done by examing the “index” attribute of an element, and not merely by counting.

	index - The option at this index will be deselected

deselect_by_value(value)

Deselect all options that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given “foo” this would deselect an option like:

<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>

	value - The value to match against

deselect_by_visible_text(text)

Deselect all options that display text matching the argument. That is, when given “Bar” this would deselect an option like:
<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>

	text - The visible text to match against

select_by_index(index)

Select the option at the given index. This is done by examing the “index” attribute of an element, and not merely by counting.

	index - The option at this index will be selected

select_by_value(value)

Select all options that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given “foo” this would select an option like:
<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>

	value - The value to match against

select_by_visible_text(text)

Select all options that display text matching the argument. That is, when given “Bar” this would select an option like:

<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>

	text - The visible text to match against

all_selected_options

Returns a list of all selected options belonging to this select tag

first_selected_option

The first selected option in this select tag (or the currently selected option in a normal select)

options

Returns a list of all options belonging to this select tag

class selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, poll_frequency=0.5, ignored_exceptions=None)

Bases: object

until(method, message='')

Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the return value is not False.

until_not(method, message='')

Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the return value is False.

Expected conditions Support

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.alert_is_present

Bases: object
Expect an alert to be present.

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_selection_state_to_be(locator, is_selected)

Bases: object
An expectation to locate an element and check if the selection state specified is in that state. locator is a tuple of (by, path) is_selected is a boolean

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_to_be_selected(locator)

Bases: object
An expectation for the element to be located is selected. locator is a tuple of (by, path)

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_selection_state_to_be(element, is_selected)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking if the given element is selected. element is WebElement object is_selected is a Boolean.”

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable(locator)

Bases: object
An Expectation for checking an element is visible and enabled such that you can click it.

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_selected(element)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking the selection is selected. element is WebElement object

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking whether the given frame is available to switch to. If the frame is available it switches the given driver to the specified frame.

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)

Bases: object
An Expectation for checking that an element is either invisible or not present on the DOM.
locator used to find the element

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_all_elements_located(locator)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking that there is at least one element present on a web page. locator is used to find the element returns the list of WebElements once they are located

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(locator)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page. This does not necessarily mean that the element is visible. locator - used to find the element returns the WebElement once it is located

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.staleness_of(element)

Bases: object
Wait until an element is no longer attached to the DOM. element is the element to wait for. returns False if the element is still attached to the DOM, true otherwise.

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, text_)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking if the given text is present in the specified element. locator, text

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, text_)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking if the given text is present in the element’s locator, text

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_contains(title)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking that the title contains a case-sensitive substring. title is the fragment of title expected returns True when the title matches, False otherwise

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_is(title)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking the title of a page. title is the expected title, which must be an exact match returns True if the title matches, false otherwise.

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of(element)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking that an element, known to be present on the DOM of a page, is visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. element is the WebElement returns the (same) WebElement once it is visible

class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located(locator)

Bases: object
An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page and visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. locator - used to find the element returns the WebElement once it is located and visible